akụkọ

Okwu mmalite

A na -eji ihe eji arụ ọrụ maka iwepụ ezé ezighi ezi na orthodontics maka ndị ntorobịa na ndị okenye. Ọbụlagodi taa, ịdị ọcha ọnụ siri ike yana njikọta na -abawanye mkpokọta ihe ncheta na ihe fọdụrụ na nri mgbe a na -eji ngwa mkpanaka (MBA) na -anọchite anya ihe egwu caries ọzọ.1. Mmepe nke ịkpa oke, na -ebute mgbanwe ọcha, nke na -adịghị mma na enamel ka a na -akpọ ọnya ntụpọ ọcha (WSL), n'oge ọgwụgwọ na MBA bụ mmetụta na -adịkarị na -adịghị mma ma nwee ike ime mgbe naanị izu anọ gachara.

N'ime afọ ndị na -adịbeghị anya, a na -etinyekwu nlebara anya maka ịkachi oghere ihu na iji ihe nchacha pụrụ iche na varnishes fluoride. A na-atụ anya na ngwaahịa ndị a ga-enye mgbochi caries ogologo oge yana nchebe ọzọ megide nrụgide mpụga. Ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche na -ekwe nkwa nchebe n'etiti ọnwa 6 na 12 mgbe otu ngwa gachara. N'ime akwụkwọ ugbu a, enwere ike ịhụ nsonaazụ na ntinye dị iche iche gbasara mmetụta mgbochi yana uru maka itinye ụdị ngwaahịa a. Na mgbakwunye, enwere okwu dị iche iche gbasara nguzogide ha na nrụgide. Agụnyere ngwaahịa ise a na -ejikarị eme ihe: ihe mkpuchi ihe mejupụtara Pro Seal, Bond Light (ngwaahịa Reliance Orthodontic, Itasca, Illinois, USA) na Clinpro XT Varnish (3 M Espe AG Dental Products, Seefeld, Germany). Emekwara nyocha bụ fluoride varnishes Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent GmbH, Ellwangen, Germany) na Protecto CaF2 Nano One-Step-Seal (BonaDent GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany). A na-eji ihe na-asọ asọ, na-agwọ ọkụ, ihe mejupụtara radiopaque nanohybrid dị ka otu njikwa mma (Tetric EvoFlow, Ivoclar Vivadent, Ellwangen, Germany).

A nyochachara ihe nrịchi ise a na -ejikarị eme ihe na vitro maka nguzogide ha mgbe ha nwetasịrị nrụgide nrụzi, ibu ọkụ na ikpughe kemịkal na -akpata mbibi na nsonaazụ WSL.

A ga -anwale echiche ndị a:

Nkọwa zuru oke: Nrụgide nke igwe, ọkụ na kemịka anaghị emetụta akara nyocha emere.

2. Nkọwapụta ọzọ: Nrụgide nke igwe, ọkụ na kemịka na -emetụta sealants nyochara.

Ihe na usoro

Ejiri ezé bovine 192 n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe in vitro a. A na -ewepụta ezé bovine site na anụmanụ na -egbu anụ (ebe a na -egbu anụ, Alzey, Germany). Nhọpụta nhọrọ maka ezé bovine bụ caries- na enweghị ntụpọ, enamel vestibular na-enweghị agba nke elu ezé na nha okpueze ezé zuru oke.4. Nchekwa dị na ngwọta chloramine B 0.5%5, 6. Tupu na mgbe itinye ngwa nkwado, a na-ejikwa mpekere na-enweghị mmanụ na fluoride na-asachapụ oghere dị larịị nke vestibular dị mma (Zircate Prophy Paste, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), jiri mmiri sachaa ya ma were ikuku kpọnwụọ.5. A na-eji braket ọla nke igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere nickel maka ọmụmụ ihe (Mini-Sprint Brackets, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany). Ihe nkwado niile ejiri UnitekEtching Gel, Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer na Transbond XT Light Cure Orthodontic Adhesive (3 M niile Unitek GmbH, Seefeld, Germany). Mgbe itinyechara ihe nkwado, ejiri Zircate Prophy Paste megharịa ihe ndị dị larịị dị larịị iji wepụ ihe nrapado ọ bụla.5. Iji mee ka ọnọdụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị mma n'oge nhicha igwe, etinyere eriri archwire dị ogologo nke 2 cm (Forestalloy blue, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany) na eriri njikọ nwere eriri (0.25 mm, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany).

Achọpụtara mkpokọta akara ise n'ihe ọmụmụ a. N'ịhọrọ ihe ndị ahụ, e kwuru maka nyocha emere ugbu a. Na Germany, a jụrụ ndị dọkịta ezé 985 ajụjụ banyere ihe nchachi eji eme ihe n'ịkwado orthodontic ha. A họpụtara ise kacha kpọtụrụ aha n'ime ihe iri na otu ahụ. Ejiri ihe niile eme ihe dịka ntuziaka nke onye nrụpụta si dị. Tetric EvoFlow rụrụ ọrụ dị ka otu njikwa mma.

Dabere na modul oge mepụtara n'onwe ya ka ọ dị ka ọ na-eburu ibu ọrụ n'ibu, a na-edobe ihe mkpuchi niile n'ibu ma mesịa nwalee ya. Asọcha ezé eletriki, Oral-B Professional Care 1000 (Procter & Gamble GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany), ka ejiri mee n'ọmụmụ ihe a ka ọ dị ka ibu n'ibu. Ihe nlele nlele anya na -enwu mgbe nrụgide kọntaktị ahụ (2 N) gafere. Oral-B Precision Clean EB 20 (Procter & Gamble GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany) ka ejiri mee isi isi ahịhịa. E megharịrị isi ahịhịa maka otu nnwale ọ bụla (ya bụ, ugboro isii). N'oge ọmụmụ ihe, a na -eji otu ncha eze ahụ (Elmex, GABA GmbH, Lörrach, Germany) iji belata mmetụta ya na nsonaazụ ya.7. N'ime nnwale nke mbụ, a tụrụ ma gbakọọ nkezi nha nha nha na iji microbalance (itule nyocha Pioneer, OHAUS, Nänikon, Switzerland) (385 mg). E jiri mmiri distilled mee isi isi ya, jiri ncha ncha nke 385 mg mee ya ma debe ya na elu ezé vestibular. A na -etinye ibu n'ibu na nrụgide mgbe niile na mmegharị ihu na azụ na azụ nke isi ahịhịa. A na -enyocha oge ikpughe na nke abụọ. Otu onye nyocha ahụ na -eduzi ahịhịa ncha eletriki mgbe niile na usoro ule niile. Ejiri njikwa nrụgide anya iji hụ na nrụgide kọntaktị physiological (2 N) agafeghị. Ka ejiri nkeji iri atọ mee ihe, a na -ebugharị ihe nchacha ahụ nke ọma ka ọ hụ na ọ na -arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Mgbe ha nyesịrị ncha, a na -eji mmiri dị nro asachapụ ezé ahụ ruo nkeji 20 wee were ikuku wee kpoo ya8.

Oge modul ejiri mee dabere n'echiche na nkezi oge nhicha bụ 2 min9, 10. Nke a kwekọrọ na oge nhicha nke 30 s kwa quadrant. Maka nkezi ezé, ezé zuru oke nke ezé 28, ya bụ ezé 7 kwa otu ụzọ anọ. N'ime ezé ọ bụla, enwere oghere ezé 3 dị mkpa maka ahịhịa nsí: buccal, occlusal na ọnụ. Ekwesịrị iji akwa eze ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ya hichaa oghere dị anya nke dị anya ma dị anya, mana anaghị enweta ya maka nsí ezé ya mere enwere ike ileghara ya anya ebe a. Site na oge nhicha kwa quadrant nke 30 s, enwere ike were oge nhicha nke 4.29 s kwa ezé. Nke a kwekọrọ na oge 1.43 s kwa elu ezé. Na nchịkọta, enwere ike iche na nkezi oge nhicha nke elu eze n'otu usoro nhicha bụ ihe ruru. 1.5 afọ. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ elee anya elu ezé vestibular na -eji ihe nkedo dị larịị, a ga -eburu ibu nhicha kwa ụbọchị nke 3 s kwa ụbọchị maka nhicha ezé ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị. Nke a ga -adabara 21 s kwa izu, 84 s kwa ọnwa, 504 s kwa ọnwa isii ma enwere ike ịga n'ihu dịka achọrọ. N'ime ọmụmụ a, ekpughere ikpughe nhicha mgbe ụbọchị 1, izu 1, izu 6, ọnwa 3 na ọnwa 6 nyochachara.

Iji mee ka ọdịiche okpomọkụ dị n'ime oghere ọnụ na nchekasị ndị metụtara ya, ejiri igwe na -agba ọkụ eme ka ịka nká na -arụ ọrụ. N'ime ọmụmụ a, ibu ịgba ịnyịnya ọkụ (Circulator DC10, Thermo Haake, Karlsruhe, Germany) n'etiti 5 ° C na 55 ° C na okirikiri 5000 yana imikpu na oge ịmịkọrọ mmiri nke 30 s nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na -eme ka ikpughe na ịka nká nke ndị na -emechi akwa. ruo ọkara afọ11. Mmiri ịsa ahụ jupụtara na mmiri ịsa ahụ na -ekpo ọkụ. Mgbe ha rutere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ mbụ, ihe nlele ezé niile gbarụrụ ugboro 5000 n'etiti ọdọ mmiri oyi na ọdọ mmiri ọkụ. Oge imikpu bụ 30 s nke ọ bụla, sochiri nkeji iri atọ na oge mbufe.

Iji mee ka mwakpo acid na -eme kwa ụbọchị na usoro mwepụ ihe dị na sealants n'ime oghere ọnụ, a na -eme ngosi pH mgbanwe. Ngwọta ahọpụtara bụ Buskes12, 13Ngwọta a kọwara ọtụtụ oge n'akwụkwọ. Uru pH nke ihe mkpochapu demineralization bụ 5 na nke mmezi remineralization bụ 7. Akụkụ nke mmezi mmezi bụ calcium dichloride-2-hydrate (CaCl2-2H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), HE-PES (1 M ), potassium hydroxide (1 M) na aqua destillata. Akụkụ nke ihe na-ebelata mbibi ahụ bụ calcium dichloride -2-hydrate (CaCl2-2H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), methylenediphosphoric acid (MHDP), potassium hydroxide (10 M) na aqua destillata. A na-eme ịgba ígwè ụbọchị 7 pH5, 14. Edebere ndị otu niile 22-h remineralization na 2-h demineralization kwa ụbọchị (na-esite na 11 h-1 h-11 h-1 h), dabere na usoro ịgba ịnyịnya pH ejirilarị n'akwụkwọ.15, 16. Nnukwu nnukwu efere iko (20 × 20 × 8 cm, 1500 ml3, Simax, Bohemia Cristal, Selb, Germany) nwere oghere dị ka arịa nke ejikọtara ihe nlele niile ọnụ. A na -ewepụ mkpuchi ahụ naanị mgbe a gbanwere ihe nlele ahụ na tray ọzọ. Echekwara ihe nlele ndị ahụ n'ụlọ okpomọkụ (20 ° C ± 1 ° C) na uru pH mgbe niile na efere iko5, 8, 17. A na -enyocha pH nke ihe ngwọta ya kwa ụbọchị na mita pH (3510 pH Meter, Jenway, Bibby Scientific Ltd, Essex, UK). Kwa ụbọchị nke abụọ, a na -emegharị ihe ngwọta zuru oke, nke gbochiri ọdịda pH. Mgbe ị na -agbanwe ihe nlele site n'otu efere gaa na nke ọzọ, a na -eji mmiri distilled jiri nlezianya hichapụ ihe nlele ndị ahụ wee jiri ụgbọ elu fesaa iji zere ịgwakọta ihe ngwọta ya. Mgbe ịgba ịnyịnya pH nke ụbọchị 7 gachara, echekwara ihe nlele ndị ahụ na hydrophorus wee nyochaa ya n'okpuru mikroskopu. Maka nyocha anya n'ọmụmụ ihe a igwe onyonyo VHX-1000 nwere igwefoto VHX-1100, S50 na-ebugharị ebugharị na VHZ-100 optics, sọftụwia VHX-H3M na ihe nlele LCD dị 17-inch dị elu (Keyence GmbH, Neu- Ejiri Isenburg, Germany) mee ihe. Ogige nyocha abụọ nwere mpaghara 16 n'otu n'otu ka enwere ike ịkọwa maka ezé ọ bụla, otu mgbe ọ na -adị mkpa ma na -etinye ntọala ntọala. N'ihi ya, a kọwara ngụkọta ubi 32 n'otu ezé na ubi 320 n'otu ihe n'ime usoro nnwale. Iji lebara mkpa ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị anya na ịbịaru nyocha anya nke sealants na anya gba ọtọ, a na -elele ubi nke ọ bụla n'okpuru igwe onyonyo dijitalụ nwere nkwalite 1000,, enyocha ya anya wee kenye ya na mgbanwe nyocha. Ihe mgbanwe nyocha ahụ bụ 0: ihe onwunwe = ejiri ihe akara kpuchie ubi ahụ enyocha, 1: akara akara nwere nkwarụ = mpaghara nyocha ahụ na -egosi mfu nke ihe ma ọ bụ mbelata nke ukwuu n'otu oge, ebe elu eze na -apụta, mana nwere ihe mkpuchi nke fọdụrụ, 2: Mfu ihe = ubi a na -enyocha na -egosi mfu ihe zuru oke, ekpughere elu ezé ma ọ bụ *: enweghị ike inyocha ya = enweghị ike ịnọchite anya mpaghara nyocha nke ọma ma ọ bụ etinyere ihe mkpuchi ahụ nke ọma. ubi dara maka usoro nnwale.